Enhr Conference 2011 – 5-8 July, Toulouse
"Integrated Territorial Planning in Chile - Extrapolated experiences approach from specific Public Services in the O’Higgins Region faced with the political administrative division".
Carlos Muñoz Parra and Matías Dziekonski Rüchardt
Academics from the School of Architecture, University of Santiago, Chile
e-mail: carlos.munoz.p@usach.cl – matias.dziekonski@usach.cl
Abstract
The Chilean administration has incorporated the territorial planning process only for program implementation development and not as a rule. The idea to verify the effectiveness of the approach of bottom-up planning, values the participation of stakeholders in the territories, both private and public, and we make a look to Colchagua valley with whose commitment achieve a sustainable system still lacks a policy framework and only from sectored interventions territorial perspective.
Information from the years 2001 and 2006 of the O'Higgins Region lets us see for the consistency and/or inconsistency of political-administrative division of the territory. This becomes more complex with the incorporation of electoral districts under the law of 1980 and a vital influence in the processes of management and financing of investments in the territories involved.
With this experience we look for a score of relevant issues to be considered for a possible instrument of Sustainable Land Management.
Keywords: public administration, planning, integrated land management, O’Higgins region,
sustainable land management.
Introduction
In late 1996, a group of 6 wine makers from Colchagua Valley - with the support of the Economic Development Corporation (CORFO) and by an Associative Development Project (PROFO) - create a stock trading company named of "Colchagua Wine Route.” Thus, the valley becomes a tourist destination, in addition to being a producer of quality wines. With this development, CORFO, from a strategic perspective define priorities and insert projects and interrelated activities, decided to take a step further in supporting the wine makers in the valley, seeking to strengthen the various support programs - which had already been applied to small and medium enterprises – through its integration into regional programs.
This integrated system of the Territory of Colchagua - which has involved developing the wine
industry and associated tourism in harmony with the economic, social, cultural and environmental concerns in the Colchagua Valley - has been based on the active participation
of local community and active public-private partnership in many areas. It made the Wine Enthusiast magazine in the United States - which is seen by the finest wine producers of the world and that each year recognizes a particular valley as the best in the world for all its integrated features in the enhancement of wine produced - the May 9, 2005 nominate the Colchagua Valley as Wine Star Region of the Year, which deserves that the work already done, should be systematized and ensure the valley to have it as a relevant reference ordered as productive landscape consistently (Muñoz, 2009: 29).
We have then that urbanization and suburbanization of land constitutes a form of human intervention in the territorial context where adequate space directly, gradually and based on visions of political, economic and cultural development in the human desire to meet their basic daily requirements of life (to be, to have) and their relationships with their peers, which has been regarded worldwide as a major cause of habitat fragmentation and loss of biological diversity (McKinney, 2006).
The artificial soil surface - which corresponds to one consolidated city-planning or infrastructure and therefore, usually tends to irreversibility in terms of ecological restoration – has increased enormously and has resulted in the occupation of large areas of farmland, forest and natural lands.
"Integrated Territorial Planning in Chile - Extrapolated experiences approach from specific Public Services in the O’Higgins Region faced with the political administrative division".
Carlos Muñoz Parra and Matías Dziekonski Rüchardt
Academics from the School of Architecture, University of Santiago, Chile
e-mail: carlos.munoz.p@usach.cl – matias.dziekonski@usach.cl
Abstract
The Chilean administration has incorporated the territorial planning process only for program implementation development and not as a rule. The idea to verify the effectiveness of the approach of bottom-up planning, values the participation of stakeholders in the territories, both private and public, and we make a look to Colchagua valley with whose commitment achieve a sustainable system still lacks a policy framework and only from sectored interventions territorial perspective.
Information from the years 2001 and 2006 of the O'Higgins Region lets us see for the consistency and/or inconsistency of political-administrative division of the territory. This becomes more complex with the incorporation of electoral districts under the law of 1980 and a vital influence in the processes of management and financing of investments in the territories involved.
With this experience we look for a score of relevant issues to be considered for a possible instrument of Sustainable Land Management.
Keywords: public administration, planning, integrated land management, O’Higgins region,
sustainable land management.
Introduction
In late 1996, a group of 6 wine makers from Colchagua Valley - with the support of the Economic Development Corporation (CORFO) and by an Associative Development Project (PROFO) - create a stock trading company named of "Colchagua Wine Route.” Thus, the valley becomes a tourist destination, in addition to being a producer of quality wines. With this development, CORFO, from a strategic perspective define priorities and insert projects and interrelated activities, decided to take a step further in supporting the wine makers in the valley, seeking to strengthen the various support programs - which had already been applied to small and medium enterprises – through its integration into regional programs.
This integrated system of the Territory of Colchagua - which has involved developing the wine
industry and associated tourism in harmony with the economic, social, cultural and environmental concerns in the Colchagua Valley - has been based on the active participation
of local community and active public-private partnership in many areas. It made the Wine Enthusiast magazine in the United States - which is seen by the finest wine producers of the world and that each year recognizes a particular valley as the best in the world for all its integrated features in the enhancement of wine produced - the May 9, 2005 nominate the Colchagua Valley as Wine Star Region of the Year, which deserves that the work already done, should be systematized and ensure the valley to have it as a relevant reference ordered as productive landscape consistently (Muñoz, 2009: 29).
We have then that urbanization and suburbanization of land constitutes a form of human intervention in the territorial context where adequate space directly, gradually and based on visions of political, economic and cultural development in the human desire to meet their basic daily requirements of life (to be, to have) and their relationships with their peers, which has been regarded worldwide as a major cause of habitat fragmentation and loss of biological diversity (McKinney, 2006).
The artificial soil surface - which corresponds to one consolidated city-planning or infrastructure and therefore, usually tends to irreversibility in terms of ecological restoration – has increased enormously and has resulted in the occupation of large areas of farmland, forest and natural lands.
On the other hand counter-urbanization processes in rural areas near urban centres and the growing demand for second homes, especially in suburban or rural areas, have increased.
Thus, urban sprawl, helped by strong economic interests, for the transformation of the urban
model of vertical to horizontal occupation, today is a reality inherent in our cities and rural areas (Gurrutxaga, Lozano 2010).
In the process of generating a tidy habitat in a given territory, consider what you want to keep and what is needed to innovate, according to the needs and aspirations of a particular applicant; we can abstract it like the "common good”. Therefore, the zone will be and is the result of a set of social, cultural, environmental, political and economic impact of society on the basis of the environment it inhabits, produced and consumed. This dynamic is influenced by social rationality, it means an idea of the world to the interests of society, what we might call "Target State" (Aránguiz, 2002: 441) based on their socio-cultural, feelings of identification, sense of belonging, social bonds, redemption of their cultural values and behaviours that legitimize the development process and the relationship between humans and the diversity of the components of their habitat.
Problems arise when there is a conductive line of land management, which preserves most of all, the common, the common good of its residents. Without legislation based on a sustainable state goal for all functions of the territory, the results of use are unpredictable. We know that restrictions on residential habitat in the territory can be analyzed, assuming they are the result of a variety of variables, complex and dynamic character, marked by the interaction of
three fundamental transverse dimensions are: the territorial dimension - the environment, the social and cultural dimension and the economic policy –. And without
a balance to ensure sustainability, the predominance of one over another, particularly economic policy, has been leaving in an obvious state of imbalance in the quality of life of the inhabitants of those territories.
We have conventional zoning has been an obstacle to the objectives of many communities, as neither the high-value areas such as forests or agricultural land, which are low density residential areas, are fought to expand economic purposes only. Traditional planning techniques to deal with these situations, such as the acquisition of land in agricultural areas, are politically sensitive, expensive and often impractical because they reduce the development potential of private investment sensitized to the coherent development.
Given the circumstances described, what would happen if, for example, given the situation you want to install a coal-fired power generator with high undesirable effects on the context of sustainable land?
Then, the State Should therefore takes steps that would allow make sustainability over time. We have that so much effort and coordination has developed, simply by the will of the actors of a valley. Then have to see that we have to deal with hypothetical situations as indicated.
http://www.enhr2011.com/sites/default/files/Paper-CarlosMunoz-Dziekonski-WS21.pdf
Thus, urban sprawl, helped by strong economic interests, for the transformation of the urban
model of vertical to horizontal occupation, today is a reality inherent in our cities and rural areas (Gurrutxaga, Lozano 2010).
In the process of generating a tidy habitat in a given territory, consider what you want to keep and what is needed to innovate, according to the needs and aspirations of a particular applicant; we can abstract it like the "common good”. Therefore, the zone will be and is the result of a set of social, cultural, environmental, political and economic impact of society on the basis of the environment it inhabits, produced and consumed. This dynamic is influenced by social rationality, it means an idea of the world to the interests of society, what we might call "Target State" (Aránguiz, 2002: 441) based on their socio-cultural, feelings of identification, sense of belonging, social bonds, redemption of their cultural values and behaviours that legitimize the development process and the relationship between humans and the diversity of the components of their habitat.
Problems arise when there is a conductive line of land management, which preserves most of all, the common, the common good of its residents. Without legislation based on a sustainable state goal for all functions of the territory, the results of use are unpredictable. We know that restrictions on residential habitat in the territory can be analyzed, assuming they are the result of a variety of variables, complex and dynamic character, marked by the interaction of
three fundamental transverse dimensions are: the territorial dimension - the environment, the social and cultural dimension and the economic policy –. And without
a balance to ensure sustainability, the predominance of one over another, particularly economic policy, has been leaving in an obvious state of imbalance in the quality of life of the inhabitants of those territories.
We have conventional zoning has been an obstacle to the objectives of many communities, as neither the high-value areas such as forests or agricultural land, which are low density residential areas, are fought to expand economic purposes only. Traditional planning techniques to deal with these situations, such as the acquisition of land in agricultural areas, are politically sensitive, expensive and often impractical because they reduce the development potential of private investment sensitized to the coherent development.
Given the circumstances described, what would happen if, for example, given the situation you want to install a coal-fired power generator with high undesirable effects on the context of sustainable land?
Then, the State Should therefore takes steps that would allow make sustainability over time. We have that so much effort and coordination has developed, simply by the will of the actors of a valley. Then have to see that we have to deal with hypothetical situations as indicated.
http://www.enhr2011.com/sites/default/files/Paper-CarlosMunoz-Dziekonski-WS21.pdf
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